Studying prevention of parent to child transmission services, interventions, coverage and utilization

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is increasing at an alarming rate globally. Apart from heterosexual route, mother to-child transmission is the next most important route of HIV transmission accounting for over 90% of infections in children. The present retrospective study is undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of PPTCT programmed in GMERS Medical College, Sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.Methods: At ICTCs, registered ANCs are counseled and tested for HIV. HIV+ve ANCs are linked to services and followed-up for institutional delivery. Antiretroviral prophylaxis with nevirapine was given to seropositive mother-baby pairs during delivery and children testing. HIV+ve ANCs since 2014 to 2016 subsequently delivered till December 2018 and their exposed children followed up till 18 months for confirmation of their seropositivity status in PPTCT were study at GMERS medical college, sola, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.Results: 13595 ANCs registered, 100% were counseled pre-test, and 99.5% of them tested, 79.5% were counseled post-test.  CD4 testing was carried out in all HIV+ve ANCs. 55 ANCs were detected HIV+ve inclusive of 37 new registered, 16 re-pregnancy and 2 unregistered cases. 55 pregnancy outcomes reported institutionally total 85.9% delivered at institute out of them 26.5% were caesarian sections and 62.4% delivered vaginally. Out of 48 live births, 47 sdNVP-MB-Pair were given. 48 children were traced till 18 months, 82.5% of live births were alive, and 68.75% of live births were tested. 1 was found HIV+ve with history of adherence to all prescribed PPTCT guidelines.Conclusions: PMTCT services - counseling and testing should be provided to all ANCs. EDD-based tracking, institutional deliveries, postnatal counseling to be encouraged along with complete MB pair coverage, capacity building of concerned staff regarding delivery of HIV+ve ANCs and exposed children tracking

Mining Public Opinion about Hybrid Working With RoBERTa

As the businesses recover from the COVID-19 epidemic, a new working paradigm is emerging: the hybrid work arrangement. A hybrid work method is a working approach that enables workers to work from several places, such as at home, on the move, or in the workplace. People are expressing their opinions on different social media outlets about the new work model. Organizations and businesses value public views. Because public perspectives will allow decision-makers to adapt promptly to rapidly transforming cultural, commercial, and social environments. Opinion mining is traditionally used to summarize the quantity of positive and negative responses in a given text using sentiment analysis techniques. Opinionated material from social media sites is used to identify people's enthusiasm or displeasure with a certain issue under debate. This study analyzes the public sentiments (positive, negative, and neutral) on a hybrid work model using Twitter API and the Robustly Optimized BERT Pre-training Approach (RoBERTa).   Out of 1 thousand tweets containing the term “hybrid work”, 37 (4.2%), 305 (33.3%), and 658 (62.5%) tweets were classified as negative, neutral, and positive, respectively.  We also compared the public sentiments about hybrid work with those of remote work. The RoBERTa classified 8(1.6%), 436 (85.9 %), and 62 (12.5%) tweets as negative, neutral, and positive, respectively.  The results showed that The majority of individuals showed favorable sentiment toward the hybrid work arrangement. The findings also demonstrate that “hybrid work” has an affinity with “remote work”, “ai”, “digital transformation” and “future of work”

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence Integration on Minimizing Patient Wait Time in Hospitals

Reduced patient wait-times benefit not just patients' health but also the overall efficiency of the healthcare system, which is particularly crucial given the aging population and rising demand for medical services in recent decades. Reducing the time that outpatients have to wait is one of the most crucial actions that must be taken to improve the patient experience. Artificial intelligence and machine learning may be applied in health care and medicine to enhance insights, reduce waste and wait time, and increase speed, service efficiency, accuracy, and efficiency. The purpose of this research is to determine whether or not the deployment of AI in hospital management system help reduce the amount of time that patients have to wait for their appointments. The Random Forest Regression, Pairwise multiple regression, and the pairwise Pearson correlation have been performed. This research also included additional features such as the number of the office personnel, the number of doctors, the quantity of equipment, and the health expenses in order to eliminate any potential omitted variable biases. According to the findings of the Random Forest Regression, the integration of AI and ML seems to be required to cut down on the amount of time that patients have to wait. The size of the office personnel, the number of doctors, and the number of pieces of equipment are found to be significant factors in lowering the amount of time spent waiting. It was determined that the aspect of the cost was the least significant in terms of reducing the amount of time spent waiting. According to the findings of our study, the healthcare care center needs to expand the integration of AI in order to cut down on the waiting time for patients and to improve the overall experience they provide for them. The findings also suggest that wait times depend on many factors. Thus, focusing on a few factors does not significantly reduce wait time

Leveraging Predictive Modeling, Machine Learning Personalization, NLP Customer Support, and AI Chatbots to Increase Customer Loyalty

AI, ML, and NLP are profoundly altering the way organizations work. With the increasing influx of data and the development of AI systems to understand it in order to solve business challenges, the excitement surrounding AI has grown. Massive datasets, computer capacity, improved algorithms, accessible algorithm libraries, and frameworks have compelled today's organizations to use AI to enhance their operations and profits. These technologies aid every kind of industry, from agriculture to finance. More specifically, AI and ML, and NLP are assisting organizations in areas such as customer service, predictive modeling, customer personalization, picture identification, sentiment analysis, offline and online document processing. The purpose of this study was twofold. We first review the several applications of AI in business and then empirically test whether these applications increase customer loyalty using the datasets of 910 firms around the world.  The datasets include the integration scores of four different AI features, namely, AI-powered customer service, predictive modeling, ML-powered personalization, and natural language processing integration. The target is the customer loyalty measure as binary. All the features are measured on a 5-pint Likert scale. We applied six different supervised machine learning algorithms, namely, Logistic regression, KNN, SVM, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Ada boost Classifiers. the performance of each algorithm was evaluated using confusion matrices and ROC curves. The Ada boost and logistic classifiers performed better with test accuracies of 0.639 and 0.631, respectively. The decision tree and KNN had the performance with accuracies of 0.532 and 0.570, respectively.  The findings of this study highlight that by incorporating AI, ML, and NLP, businesses may analyze data to uncover what's useful, gaining valuable insights that can be used to automate processes and drive business strategies. As a result, firms that wish to remain competitive and increase customer loyalty should adopt them

Obstetric and perinatal outcome in previous one cesarean section

Background: Women with previous cesarean sections constitute a high risk group in obstetrics, with associated complications. The cesarean section carries 3 fold risk of mortality compared with vaginal deliveries. The study was conducted to determine the mode of deliveries after previous one cesarean section, maternal and fetal complication.Methods: This is a prospective observation study. Total 150 patients of previous one caesarean with gestational weeks between 37 to 40 weeks admitted in labour room of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in Sola Civil Hospital with spontaneous onset of labour, over a period of one year from April 2014 to April 2015 or till the desired sample will reached.Results: In the present study, out of 150 pregnant women with history of previous one LSCS who were subjected to this study, 39(26%) underwent elective LSCS, commonest indication being previous pregnancy bad experience (38.46%). 111(74%) underwent trial of labour after cesarean section out of it 77(69.36%) had successful VBAC and 34(30.63%) underwent repeat emergency LSCS. Maternal complications were higher in Emergency LSCS group than in those had a successful VBAC (17.64% vs.3.89%)). Neonatal complications were also higher in Emergency LSCS group than in those had a successful VBAC (2.95% vs. 0%).Conclusions: With proper case selection, appropriate timing and close supervision trial of labour after prior LSCS is safe and often successful

Study of antenatal prevalence of HIV and its trend in a tertiary care hospital

Background: HIV/AIDS has become a global problem since first detection in 1981.Women of childbearing age constitute nearly half of the 30 million adults currently living with HIV/AIDs worldwide. Pregnant women are considered as low risk for HIV so estimating prevalence in such low risk people provides us a good basis for long term strategy for implementation of HIV/AIDS control programme. The objective of this study was to study acceptance of antenatal HIV testing during routine ANC checkups using opt in strategy. To study prevalence of antenatal HIV and its trend.Methods: Observational and analytic study. Antenatal women coming for routine antenatal care in obstetric OPD were counseled and blood sample were taken according to guidelines for HIV testing from period 1/1/2014 to 31/12/2018.Results: Out of total 23907 women attending antenatal clinic 23841 accepted HIV testing, Out of these 72 were found positive, making HIV seroprevalence rate of 0.30. 42 spouses were also found positive.Conclusions: Though seroprevalence of HIV in antenatal women is low, slowly rising trend worths a caution for us

A Comparative Analysis of Mast Cell Quantification in Five Common Dermatoses: Lichen Simplex Chronicus, Psoriasis, Lichen Planus, Lupus, and Insect Bite/Allergic Contact Dermatitis/Nummular Dermatitis

There is a large body of literature demonstrating an important role of mast cells in adaptive and innate immunity. The distribution of mast cells in the skin varies in different parts of the body. It is well known that mast cells are important for effector functions of classic IgE-associated allergic disorders as well as in host defense against infective agents and influence the manifestation of autoimmune diseases. We aimed to quantify mast cells in five common dermatoses and compare them statistically with respect to the immunostains. We retrieved paraffin-embedded tissue sections from the archives of the Pathology Department at the UF, Jacksonville, for five cases with each of the above diagnosis from the last three years. We performed CD-117 and tolidine blue stains on each one of them. The presence or absence of mast cells was evaluated and quantified. We observed that, in the skin, mast cells are mainly located close to the vessels, smooth muscle cells, hair follicles, and nerve ending. Our study showed that the mast cell distribution pattern is different across the two methods of staining for the five aforesaid dermatoses. The other important observation was the dendritic morphology of the mast cells

Nutrition manipulation during development and its impact of metabolic homeostasis in the adult offspring

Latest epidemiological data suggests 1.5 billion adults worldwide are either overweight or obese. With increasing weight and obesity, adipocytes increase in size. The enlargement of adipocytes has been associated with low grade chronic inflammation via elevated adipokine secretion. Previous epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animals have shown that during different periods of pregnancy (gestation) the offspring that are born to maternal nutritional manipulation are more susceptible to developing metabolic diseases in later adult life. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the role of maternal nutritional manipulation on adipose tissue depots and in particular the consequences the effect on markers of adipokine secretion. Studies were conducted on both large and small animals (i.e. sheep and rats). Sheep studies focused on mid to late and late gestation periods of maternal nutritional restriction. Rat studies concentrated on long term fructose feeding during pregnancy and its effect on both the mother and offspring. Gene expression analysis identified an up-regulation in inflammatory related genes in pericardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the sheep studies. This was also seen in the rat studies with protein and gene expression displaying an up-regulation of inflammatory and metabolic related genes and proteins. The main conclusion of my thesis is that after following maternal nutrient restriction, females appear to be much more sensitive to inflammatory and metabolic adaptations compared to males, possibly due to sex hormones playing a role. Whilst fructose feeding during pregnancy concluded the possibility of homeorhesis playing a protective role against potentially detrimental inflammatory pathways being activated in the mothers, the offspring however displayed signs of low level chronic inflammation in the retroperitoneal depot from early infancy to later adult life

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker-induced immune thrombocytopenia: a case report

INTRODUCTION: The development of thrombocytopenia after a dose increase in losartan and subsequently after switching the patient to valsartan is reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old Caucasian man presented with epistaxis and gingival bleeding of three weeks duration. Laboratory evaluation revealed a hemoglobin level of 144g/L, a leukocyte count of 16.2×10(9) cells/L (72.51% neutrophils, 20.1% lymphocytes, 6.8% monocytes, 0.4% eosinophils, 0.2% bands), and a platelet count of 15.0×10(9) cells/L. Flow cytometry of his peripheral blood showed normal CD4:CD8 ratio and no evidence of any lymphoproliferative disorder. A peripheral smear showed decreased platelets with a few areas of clumping. Four weeks before presentation to the emergency room, his losartan dose was increased to 100mg once daily due to continuously elevated blood pressure readings. He had been maintained on losartan 50mg once daily for five years and previous routine laboratory measurements revealed a baseline platelet count of 248.0×10(9) cells/L. The patient began receiving an oral prednisone taper and his platelet count returned to a stable value of >200×10(9) cells/L. Because there was no other probable cause, he was thought to have developed immune thrombocytopenia from the increased losartan dose. Losartan was discontinued and one week later he was switched to valsartan 160mg once daily. Forty-seven days after starting valsartan, the patient presented once again to the emergency room with intermittent epistaxis and gingival bleeding while brushing his teeth of two weeks duration. Laboratory measurement revealed a platelet count of 37×10(9) cells/L. Valsartan was held and another prednisone taper was initiated. The patient’s platelet count recovered upon valsartan discontinuation and in four weeks, his platelet count improved to 214×10(9) cells/L. CONCLUSIONS: A 61-year-old Caucasian man developed immune thrombocytopenia after an increase in losartan dose and developed immune thrombocytopenia again after he was switched to valsartan